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A Generator - Large To Extra-Large Standby |
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A Generator - Large To Extra-Large Standby
The separation of PRIME and STANDBY electrical applications -
 A rarity in the United States, some locations in the world see many end users employing generators as a means of creating the electricity they need for survival. The causes of this are varied. Sometimes utility service is many times less reliable than what we're accustomed to in the U.S. In these instances, a generator primarily serves as backup. Outages in such regions may be more frequent and last longer than the ones we endure, but the generator owner views the role of his machine as the same. There are other locations where utility service is completely unavailable, or where generator-induced power is simply cheaper than utility power. Generator use in these areas has a different purpose, a different function. The generator in scenario one is for standby, the generator in scenario two for prime power. What separates these two generator styles - the machine for standby, and the one for prime applications?
The most glaring DISTINCTION - standby generators are intended to WORK for shorter DURATIONS -
 While intended for brief periods of backup (two to three hours maximum), these units, when a major outage or disaster occurs, may be called upon to operate for an extended interval. This is above what engineers designed them to do. If you were to dissect a standby machine, you would notice immediately that the components aren't as stout as those of a prime-power model. This has something to do with the generic fact that standby generators are primarily natural-gas or propane-burning units, while prime-power products almost always utilize diesel. By their nature, diesel engines are heavier and more durable than gaseous equivalents. Standby generators are built for convenience first, and durability second. Natural gas, in particular, is a convenient fuel source for any application harboring an NG feed. You will observe a significant difference in the cooling systems of prime and standby generators, partly because diesel engines tend to require heavier cooling processes. What you may not notice (because the physical measurements aren't always visibly different) is that the alternator of a prime-power generator is much heavier, constructed for trouble-free operation over lengthy periods, made to endure much higher operating temperatures without failure, than the alternator of a standby-first unit. So - will an extended run by a standby generator mean the end of its service life? Possibly. We've seen it happen. The best ways to combat unintended service fatigue in a standby-first machine are: A)selection of a unit that operates at less than 3600 rpm (1800 rpm is best for engine longevity); B)purchase of a machine that uses proven components (name-brand engines and alternators); C)proper and consistent service of your standby generator after installation (if possible, even making provisions to service the machine in the middle of an extended run - especially if that run is predictable - for instance, if you reside in an inland area that will likely be impacted by pending coastal weather like a hurricane).
For PRIME power, go with a RUGGED DIESEL generator -
 The prime power generator does not absolutely have to be a diesel, but it helps. For one thing, large diesel generators almost always operate at 1800 rpm - your best choice for extended runs. Eighteen-hundred rpm operation (combined with the diesel's standard rugged construction) lends itself to increased numbers of service hours. Alternators with thicker-gauge windings and insulation work with larger cooling systems to reduce temperatures for superior performance and durability. These machines, contrary to standby-first generators, are designed to accommodate brief overloads. Any overload condition in a typical standby-first generator will trigger an immediate shut down that requires an operating system and motor restart.
Know what your APPLICATION needs before you INVEST in a stationary generator -
 Prime power generators and standby generators are different products manufactured to fill disparate purposes. You will pay more for a prime power generator than you would for a traditional standby. However, if an application requires prime output - lengthy periods of generator operation - any money you save initially by substituting one for the other will be negated by the shortened service life and increased maintenance costs associated with an overburdened unit. If there are any questions about the best classification (or kW capacity) of a large generator for your application, consult an electrician. Experience has shown us that it can be money well spent.
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